Grandparent DNA testing is a type of genetic test used to determine if a person is biologically related to one or both grandparents. This test is typically conducted when the parent of the individual being tested is unavailable or cannot participate in a DNA test, such as in cases involving inheritance disputes, incarceration, custody matters, or immigration applications.

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The process involves collecting DNA samples, usually through cheek swabs, from the grandchild and one or both grandparents. The lab then analyzes specific genetic markers to assess the probability of a biological relationship. By comparing the shared DNA between the tested individuals, the results provide a likelihood ratio that indicates whether the grandparent-grandchild relationship is highly probable.

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Grandparent DNA testing has practical applications, such as confirming family relationships for legal purposes, verifying biological ties in immigration cases, or answering personal questions about family connections and lineage. It is a valuable tool when direct parentage testing is not an option, helping to establish relationships with a high degree of accuracy.